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Shinzo Abe, a polarising, nationalist scion of an elite political dynasty and Japan’s longest-serving prime minister, defined an era of reform and invited the world to reassess the giant Asian economy under his “Abenomics” banner. He died after being shot during a campaign speech in western Japan at the age of 67.
安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)是一个精英政治王朝的后裔，是日本在任时间最长的首相，他定义了一个改革时代，并在他的“安倍经济学”(Abenomics)旗帜下邀请世界重新评估这个庞大的亚洲经济体。他在日本西部的一次竞选演讲中被枪击身亡，享年67岁。
Abe’s second term in office, which stretched from late 2012 to the summer of 2020 and generated fandom, scandal and large-scale protests, stood in striking contrast with the decades that preceded it and his first short one-year stint as prime minister. His was an outsized incumbency, said political analysts, for an outsized political figure.
安倍的第二任期从2012年底一直持续到2020年夏天，期间产生了粉丝、丑闻和大规模抗议活动，这与他之前的几十年，以及他第一次短暂的一年首相任期形成了鲜明的对比。政治分析人士称，对于一个超常的政治人物来说，他的任期是超常的。
For years after the collapse of the 1980s stock and property bubble, Japan struggled with economic stagnation, a succession of prime ministers each lasting an average of around 18 months, and the nation’s creeping diminution on the global stage. Abe, who mixed domestic charisma with diplomatic verve, sought to redress all of that.
在上世纪80年代股市和房地产泡沫破灭后的多年里，日本一直在经济停滞中挣扎，历任首相的任期平均都在18个月左右，日本在全球舞台上的地位也在逐渐下降。将国内魅力与外交气魄相结合的安倍试图纠正这一切。
Born in 1954, Abe, a native of Yamaguchi prefecture, was a grandson of Nobusuke Kishi, a cabinet member during the second world war who was accused of being a war criminal after Japan’s defeat. Kishi was later exonerated and went on to become prime minister, and Abe’s family roots and upbringing shaped his nationalist view that the constitution the US imposed on Japan after the war needed to be rewritten.
安倍出生于1954年，山口县人，是二战期间的内阁成员岸信介的外孙。岸信介在日本战败后被指控为战犯，后来被免罪并成为首相，而安倍的家庭根源和成长经历塑造了他的民族主义观点，即美国在战后强加给日本的宪法需要重写。
Despite his blue-blood background, his first stint as prime minister ended abruptly in 2007 after a little over a year due to chronic bowel disease. His political career appeared to be finished, but he made a stunning comeback in 2012 with a promise to lift the economy out of deflation through aggressive stimulus and monetary easing.
尽管出身贵族，但他的第一次总理任期在一年多后，因慢性肠道疾病于2007年突然结束。他的政治生涯似乎已经结束，但他在2012年卷土重来，承诺通过积极的刺激和货币宽松政策使经济摆脱通缩。
Another central theme of his domestic agenda was “womenomics” — an acknowledgment that Japan’s female labour force had been structurally and unjustifiably underused for generations. Japan, he memorably told the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2014, “must become a place where women shine”. Like many of Abe’s reforms, though, the follow-through on womenomics, and the record in hitting targets for women getting senior management positions, was a thin shadow of his original rhetoric.
安倍国内议程的另一个核心主题是“女性经济学”，即承认日本女性劳动力数代人在结构上和不合理地未得到充分利用。2014年，他在达沃斯世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)上令人难忘地表示，日本“必须成为女性发光的地方”。不过，与安倍的许多改革一样，他在女性经济学方面的后续行动，以及在实现女性获得高级管理职位的目标方面的记录，都与他最初的言辞相去甚远。
In his pursuit of national resurrection, Abe’s approach drew on deep-rooted beliefs and often eye-catching showmanship. In 2013, he addressed the New York Stock Exchange with an entreaty to foreign investors to “Buy my Abenomics”. Two years later, he brought Japan into the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a regional trade deal, quashing the opposition of the powerful domestic farming lobby in a way his predecessors could hardly have imagined.
在追求民族复兴的过程中，安倍的做法利用了根深蒂固的信念和引人注目的表演技巧。2013年，他在纽约证券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)发表演讲，恳求外国投资者“购买我的安倍经济学”。两年后，他带领日本加入了区域贸易协定《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(Trans-Pacific Partnership，简称tpp)，以他的前任们难以想象的方式，平息了强大的国内农业游说团体的反对。
In 2016, in a masterstroke of global soft-power supremacy, he appeared at the closing ceremony of the Rio Olympics dressed as the lead character from the computer game Super Mario. Abe’s act was designed to throw attention on the 2020 games in Tokyo — an event he had played a central role in bringing to the Japanese capital, but which would ultimately be postponed and overshadowed by the Covid-19 pandemic.
2016年，他扮成电脑游戏《超级马里奥》的主角出现在里约热内卢奥运会的闭幕式上，这是彰显全球软实力霸主地位的神来之笔。安倍此举是为了吸引人们对2020年东京奥运会的关注——他在将这一盛会带到日本首都的过程中，发挥了核心作用，但东京奥运会最终被推迟，并因新冠肺炎大流行而黯然失色。
“He created positive momentum after a dark period for Japan,” said Takeshi Niinami, chief executive of Suntory, the drinks group, who was also a leading adviser to Abe. Japan had still needed the former prime minister, Niinami said. “He created controversy, but that was fine because he also created healthy debate,” he said.
饮料集团三得利(Suntory)首席执行官、安倍的主要顾问新浪刚史(Takeshi Niinami)表示：“在经历了一段黑暗时期后，他为日本创造了积极的势头。”日本仍然需要前首相，新浪刚史说，“他引发了争议，但这没什么，因为他也引发了健康的辩论。”
A big part of Abe’s legacy lay in new trade deals and his push for “a free and open Indo-Pacific” at a time when globalisation was under threat. His vision was also instrumental in the creation of the Quad, a security grouping including Japan, the US, India and Australia, to counter China’s military and economic ambitions.
安倍的很大一部分政治遗产在于新的贸易协议，以及他在全球化受到威胁的时候推动“一个自由开放的印太地区”。他的愿景对四方安全论坛的创建也起到了重要作用。四方安全论坛是一个包括日本、美国、印度和澳大利亚的安全组织，旨在对抗中国的军事和经济野心。
“Japan under Shinzo Abe had caught up with reality and succeeded in expanding its diplomatic horizon,” said Tomohiko Taniguchi, Abe’s primary foreign policy speechwriter during his second stint as prime minister.
“安倍晋三领导下的日本赶上了现实，成功地扩大了外交视野，”安倍第二次担任首相期间的主要外交政策撰稿人谷口智彦(Tomohiko Taniguchi)表示。
The former prime minister was a consummate diplomat, flying straight to New York immediately after the 2016 election to present then president-elect Donald Trump with a gold golf club. And his unusual political longevity meant Abe became that rarest of things: a regular, dependable attendee at global and regional summits. After learning of the shooting, the former US president described Abe as “a true friend of mine, and, much more importantly, America.”
这位前首相是一位完美的外交官，他在2016年美国大选后立即飞往纽约，向当时的当选总统唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)赠送了一根黄金高尔夫球杆。他不寻常的政治长寿意味着安倍成为了最罕见的东西：全球和地区峰会的定期、可靠的与会者。在得知枪击事件后，这位美国前总统称安倍是“我真正的朋友，更重要的是，是美国的朋友”。
Tobias Harris, a political analyst who wrote a biography of Abe in 2020, said he was a unique figure in modern Japanese politics, not just for his political longevity and domestic legacy, but for the historic shift he engineered in Japan’s international standing.
政治分析人士托拜厄斯·哈里斯(Tobias Harris)在2020年为安倍写了一本传记，他说，安倍是现代日本政坛的一个独特人物，不仅因为他的政治寿命和国内遗产，还因为他推动了日本国际地位的历史性转变。
“He saw Japan waning and was determined to reverse that. Through his diplomacy, Abe completely changed Japan’s stature and the outside world’s expectations of what Japan would do,” said Harris.
“他看到日本正在衰落，并决心扭转这一局面。”哈里斯说：“通过他的外交活动，安倍晋三完全改变了日本的地位和外部世界对日本的期望。”
Some of Abe’s diplomatic efforts fell flat, however, most notably in Russia where he failed to convince president Vladimir Putin to return disputed islands to Japan despite years of courtship.
然而，安倍的一些外交努力没有取得成果，最明显的是在俄罗斯，尽管示好多年，但他未能说服俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)将有争议的北方四岛归还给日本。
In 2015, he risked political capital and high approval ratings by ramming through security laws to reinterpret the pacifist constitution so that Japan could to come to the military aid of an ally such as the US.
2015年，他冒着政治资本和高支持率的风险，强行通过安保法重新解释和平宪法，使日本能够向美国等盟友提供军事援助。
In common with many of his predecessors, Abe’s premiership ended under a cloud of scandals. One concerned a cut-price sale of government land to a nationalistic school with close ties to the prime minister’s wife, Akie, who survives him. In 2019 Abe himself was accused of using a tax-funded cherry blossom party for political purposes.
与许多前任首相一样，安倍的首相生涯也在丑闻的阴影下结束。其中一件是关于政府将土地低价出售给与首相夫人安倍昭惠关系密切的民族主义学校的事件，安倍昭惠仍然在世。2019年，安倍本人被指控利用税收资助的赏樱会来达到政治目的。
Harris said Abe’s death would have a profound impact on Japanese politics: if he had lived, he would have continued to cast a large shadow over current Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida and any other successors. “He had a legacy to protect, and he would have been there to hand out praise, but also use his bully pulpit to provide correction if a successor strayed off track,” Harris said.
哈里斯说，安倍的去世将对日本政治产生深远的影响：如果他还活着，他将继续在现任日本首相岸田文雄和其他任何继任者身上投下巨大的阴影。哈里斯说：“他有一份遗产需要保护，他会在那里发表赞扬，但如果继任者偏离了轨道，他也会利用他的天字第一号讲坛(bully pulpit)提供纠正。”
Just two days before Abe was shot by a lone gunman in the western city of Nara, he was evoking his days as prime minister in a passionate stump speech near Yokohama station. Even after stepping down from Japan’s top job, he held continuing influence as head of the ruling Liberal Democratic party’s largest faction and was eager to complete his unfinished ambition of constitutional revision.
就在安倍在西部城市奈良被一名枪手枪杀的两天前，他在横滨车站附近发表了一场充满激情的竞选演说，回忆起自己担任首相的日子。即使在辞去日本首相一职后，作为执政的自民党最大派系的党首，他仍保持着持续的影响力，并渴望完成他未完成的修宪野心。
“It is our responsibility to protect this beautiful nation Japan,” Abe said, raising both his voice and fist to an enthusiastic crowd. “Let’s revise the constitution!”
“保护这个美丽的国家日本是我们的责任，”安倍对着热情的人群提高了他的声音，挥起拳头。“让我们修改宪法吧！”
